| 简称 | 中文解释 | 英文解释 |
|---|---|---|
| EXW | 工厂交货（指定地点）。卖方在其所在地将货物交由买方处置，即完成交货，买方承担自此之后的一切费用与风险。 | Ex Works (named place). The seller makes the goods available at its premises, and the buyer assumes all subsequent costs and risks. |
| FOB | 船上交货（指定装运港）。卖方负责将货物交到买方指定的船上，货物越过船舷后，风险转移给买方。 | Free On Board (named port of shipment). The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer; risk transfers once the goods are on board. |
| CFR | 成本加运费（指定目的港）。卖方承担将货物运至目的港的运费，但货物装船之后的风险、额外费用由买方承担。 | Cost and Freight (named port of destination). The seller pays the freight to the named port, but risk passes to the buyer when the goods are on board the vessel. |
| CIF | 成本、保险费加运费（指定目的港）。卖方须负责运费并投保海运保险，将货物运至指定目的港。 | Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination). The seller pays freight and insurance to deliver the goods to the named port; risk transfers once on board. |
| FCA | 货交承运人（指定地点）。卖方在指定地点将货物交付给买方指定的承运人，即为完成交货。 | Free Carrier (named place). The seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. |
| CPT | 运费付至（指定目的地）。卖方负责将货物运至指定目的地的运输费用，但货物交予第一承运人后风险即转移给买方。 | Carriage Paid To (named place of destination). The seller pays freight to the named destination; risk transfers upon delivery to the first carrier. |
| CIP | 运费和保险费付至（指定目的地）。卖方承担运费及运输保险费，将货物交给承运人处置，风险此时转移。 | Carriage and Insurance Paid To (named place). The seller pays freight and insurance to the named destination; risk transfers once goods are handed to the carrier. |
| DAP | 目的地交货（指定目的地）。卖方负责将货物运至买方指定的目的地，准备在运输工具上交货，由买方负责卸货。 | Delivered at Place (named place). The seller delivers when the goods are placed at the buyer’s disposal on the arriving means of transport, ready for unloading. |
| DPU | 卸货地交货（指定目的地）。卖方在指定目的地将货物从运输工具上卸下后交由买方处置，承担卸货责任。 | Delivered at Place Unloaded (named place). The seller delivers and unloads the goods at the named place of destination. (Previously known as DAT) |
| DDP | 完税后交货（指定目的地）。卖方最大责任，须承担将货物运至目的地并办妥进口清关的全部费用与风险。 | Delivered Duty Paid (named place). The seller bears all costs and risks of bringing the goods to the named place, including import duties. |
| FAS | 船边交货（指定装运港）。卖方在装运港将货物交到指定的船边，即完成交货，此后风险由买方承担。 | Free Alongside Ship (named port). The seller delivers goods alongside the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port; risk passes thereafter. |
| 简称 | 中文解释 | 英文解释 |
|---|---|---|
| L/C | 信用证。银行根据买方（申请人）请求开立，承诺在受益人提交的单据与信用证条件严格相符时履行付款的凭证。 | Letter of Credit. A bank-issued undertaking guaranteeing payment to the seller against presentation of compliant documents. |
| T/T | 电汇。汇款人通过银行电子途径将资金直接汇付给境外收款人。 | Telegraphic Transfer. An electronic method of transferring funds through banks. |
| D/P | 付款交单。代收行在进口方付清货款后，才将货运单据交给进口方。 | Documents against Payment. Documents are released to the importer only upon payment. |
| D/A | 承兑交单。进口方对远期汇票作出承兑后，即可取得货运单据，付款在汇票到期时进行。 | Documents against Acceptance. Documents are released upon the importer’s acceptance of a time draft, with payment due at maturity. |
| O/A | 赊账（放账）。卖方先发货，买方按约定在未来某个日期付款，无银行信用介入。 | Open Account. Goods are shipped and delivered to the buyer before payment is made on an agreed future date. |
| CAD | 凭单付现。买方在付款后，银行或卖方才会将货运单据交予买方。 | Cash Against Documents. Payment is required before the documents are released to the buyer. |
| 简称 | 中文解释 | 英文解释 |
|---|---|---|
| B/L | 提单。承运人或其代理签发的，证明货物已收讫待运，并可作为物权凭证的海运单据。 | Bill of Lading. A document issued by a carrier that serves as a receipt for cargo, evidence of contract, and a document of title. |
| AWB | 空运单。航空运输中使用的货运单据，仅为运输合同和货物收据，不具备物权凭证功能。 | Air Waybill. A non-negotiable contract of carriage for air cargo, serving as a receipt for the goods. |
| C/O | 原产地证书。由签发机构出具的，证明货物原产国或制造地的文件。 | Certificate of Origin. A document certifying the country in which the goods were wholly produced or substantially transformed. |
| S/C | 销售合同/销售确认书。买卖双方就商品交易条款达成的正式书面协议。 | Sales Contract / Sales Confirmation. A written agreement stating the terms and conditions of a trade deal between buyer and seller. |
| P/I | 形式发票。卖方在发货前开立的具有报价和初步凭证作用的发票，常用于申请信用证或进口许可。 | Proforma Invoice. A preliminary bill sent by the seller detailing the terms of sale, used for L/C applications or import license purposes. |
| P/O | 采购订单。买方向卖方正式下达的具有法律约束力的购货书面指令。 | Purchase Order. An official commercial document issued by the buyer authorizing the purchase of goods or services. |
| INV | 商业发票。卖方开具的列明货物名称、数量、单价、总价及交易条款的索款清单和交易核心凭证。 | Commercial Invoice. A document issued by the seller detailing sold goods, price, and terms of sale, serving as a request for payment. |
| P/L | 装箱单。列明每件包装内货物的规格、数量、毛重、净重及尺寸的补充单据。 | Packing List. A document that itemizes the contents, weight, and dimensions of each package in a shipment. |
| 简称 | 中文解释 | 英文解释 |
|---|---|---|
| FCL | 整箱货。一个集装箱内的全部货物均属于一个发货人或收货人的运输方式。 | Full Container Load. A shipment where the entire container is used exclusively by one shipper/consignee. |
| LCL | 拼箱货。一个集装箱内同时装载多个发货人或收货人的小批量货物。 | Less than Container Load. A shipment where a single container is shared by multiple shippers’ cargo. |
| ETA | 预计到达时间。船舶、飞机或卡车等预计抵达目的港或目的地的时间。 | Estimated Time of Arrival. The predicted date and time when a vessel, aircraft, or vehicle will arrive. |
| ETD | 预计离港/发运时间。运输工具计划离开装运港或起运地的日期。 | Estimated Time of Departure. The anticipated date when the transport conveyance will depart. |
| POL | 装货港/装运港。货物被装上远洋船舶的港口。 | Port of Loading. The seaport where cargo is loaded onto a vessel. |
| POD | 卸货港。货物从运输船舶上卸载的目的港。 | Port of Discharge. The destination seaport where cargo is unloaded from the vessel. |
| CY | 集装箱堆场。码头内专门用于存放和交换集装箱的特定区域。 | Container Yard. A designated area within a terminal for the storage and handling of containers. |
| CFS | 集装箱货运站。承运人或场站经营人对拼箱货进行装箱和拆箱作业的场所。 | Container Freight Station. A facility where LCL cargo is consolidated into containers or de-consolidated. |
| THC | 码头操作费。港口对集装箱在码头内的装卸、搬运等操作收取的费用。 | Terminal Handling Charge. A fee levied by the terminal for the handling of containers. |
| TEU | 二十英尺当量单位。用于衡量集装箱运量的标准单位，以20英尺集装箱为基准。 | Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit. A standard unit of measurement for container capacity and throughput. |
| W/M | 重量/尺码。运费计算时，在货物毛重（公吨）和体积（立方米）中取较大值作为计费吨。 | Weight or Measurement. Freight assessed on the greater of the actual weight (ton) or the measurement (cubic meter). |
| VGM | 核实总重。托运人提供的装货集装箱经过称重或计算核实的全重，是SOLAS公约的必备申报项。 | Verified Gross Mass. The verified total weight of a packed container, required by SOLAS regulations prior to vessel loading. |